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The common chiffchaff, or simply the chiffchaff, (''Phylloscopus collybita'') is a common and widespread leaf warbler which breeds in open woodlands throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia. It is a migratory passerine which winters in southern and western Europe, southern Asia and north Africa. Greenish-brown above and off-white below, it is named onomatopoeically for its simple ''chiff-chaff'' song. It has a number of subspecies, some of which are now treated as full species. The female builds a domed nest on or near the ground, and assumes most of the responsibility for brooding and feeding the chicks, whilst the male has little involvement in nesting, but defends his territory against rivals, and attacks potential predators. A small insectivorous bird, it is subject to predation by mammals, such as cats and mustelids, and birds, particularly hawks of the genus ''Accipiter''. Its large range and population mean that its status is secure, although one subspecies is probably extinct. ==Taxonomy== The British naturalist Gilbert White was one of the first people to separate the similar-looking common chiffchaff, willow warbler and wood warbler by their songs, as detailed in 1789 in ''The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne'', but the common chiffchaff was first formally described as ''Sylvia collybita'' by French ornithologist Louis Vieillot in 1817 in his ''Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle''.〔 Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre (1817): ''Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle'' nouvelle édition, 11, 235.〕 Described by German zoologist Heinrich Boie in 1826, the genus ''Phylloscopus'' contains about 50 species of small insectivorous Old World woodland warblers which are either greenish or brown above and yellowish, white or buff below. The genus was formerly part of the Old World warbler family Sylvidae, but has now been split off as a separate family Phylloscopidae. The chiffchaff's closest relatives, other than former subspecies, are a group of leaf warblers which similarly lack crown stripes, a yellow rump or obvious wing bars; they include the willow, Bonelli's, wood and plain leaf warblers.〔 The common chiffchaff has three still commonly accepted subspecies, together with some from the Iberian Peninsula, the Canary Islands, and the Caucasus which are now more often treated as full species. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Common chiffchaff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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